在全球能源轉型的大背景下，尋找清潔、可再生的能源成為當務之急。沼氣發電機組作為一種將沼氣轉化為電能的設備，正逐漸在能源領域嶄露頭角，為實現可持續發展提供了新的解決方案。

In the context of global energy transition, finding clean and renewable energy has become an urgent task. As a device that converts biogas into electrical energy, biogas generator sets are gradually emerging in the energy field, providing new solutions for achieving sustainable development.

沼氣發電機組的工作原理

Working principle of biogas generator set

沼氣發電機組主要由沼氣發酵系統、沼氣凈化系統、發電系統以及控制系統等部分組成 。首先，在沼氣發酵系統中，各種有機物質，如畜禽糞便、秸稈、工業有機廢水等，在隔絕空氣、適宜的溫度和濕度條件下，經過微生物的發酵作用產生沼氣。沼氣的主要成分是甲烷，還含有少量的二氧化碳、硫化氫等氣體 。

The biogas generator set mainly consists of a biogas fermentation system, a biogas purification system, a power generation system, and a control system. Firstly, in the biogas fermentation system, various organic substances such as livestock manure, straw, industrial organic wastewater, etc. are fermented by microorganisms under isolated air, suitable temperature and humidity conditions to produce biogas. The main component of biogas is methane, which also contains small amounts of gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide.

產生的沼氣隨后進入沼氣凈化系統，在這個系統中，通過脫硫、脫水等工藝，去除沼氣中的硫化氫、水分等雜質。因為硫化氫會腐蝕發電設備，水分則可能影響燃燒效率和設備的正常運行。經過凈化后的沼氣，就可以作為燃料進入發電系統。

The generated biogas then enters the biogas purification system, where impurities such as hydrogen sulfide and moisture are removed from the biogas through processes such as desulfurization and dehydration. Because hydrogen sulfide can corrode power generation equipment, moisture may affect combustion efficiency and the normal operation of equipment. After purification, biogas can be used as fuel to enter the power generation system.

發電系統通常采用內燃機或燃氣輪機與發電機相連的方式。以常見的內燃機為例，沼氣與空氣混合后進入氣缸，在氣缸內被壓縮并點燃，產生的高溫高壓氣體推動活塞往復運動，通過曲軸將活塞的直線運動轉化為旋轉運動，進而帶動發電機發電。控制系統則負責監測和調節整個發電過程，確保機組穩定、高效運行。

Power generation systems typically use internal combustion engines or gas turbines connected to generators. Taking a common internal combustion engine as an example, biogas is mixed with air and enters the cylinder, where it is compressed and ignited. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated drives the piston to reciprocate, and the crankshaft converts the piston's linear motion into rotational motion, thereby driving the generator to generate electricity. The control system is responsible for monitoring and regulating the entire power generation process to ensure stable and efficient operation of the unit.

沼氣發電機組的發展歷程

The Development History of Biogas Generator Sets

沼氣發電的歷史可以追溯到 20 世紀 70 年代初期。當時，國外為了高效利用在治理有機廢棄污染物中產生的沼氣，開始普遍使用往復式沼氣發電機組進行沼氣發電 。這些早期的沼氣發電機大多采用火花點火式，同時充分利用發電機組產生的排氣余熱和冷卻水余熱，使發電工程的綜合熱效率高達 80% 以上。

The history of biogas power generation can be traced back to the early 1970s. At that time, in order to efficiently utilize the biogas generated in the treatment of organic waste pollutants, reciprocating biogas generators were widely used for biogas power generation abroad. Most of these early biogas generators used spark ignition, while fully utilizing the exhaust waste heat and cooling water waste heat generated by the generator set, resulting in a comprehensive thermal efficiency of over 80% for the power generation project.

在我國，20 世紀 70 年代沼氣發電開始受到國家重視，眾多科研院所和廠家紛紛投入研究和試驗。到 80 年代中期，沼氣機、沼氣發電機組已形成系列化產品 。如今，從 8 千瓦到 5000 千瓦各級容量的沼氣發電機組均已先后鑒定和投產，主要產品包括全部使用沼氣的單燃料發電機組及部分使用沼氣的雙燃料沼氣 - 柴油發電機組。

In China, biogas power generation began to receive national attention in the 1970s, and numerous research institutes and manufacturers have invested in research and experimentation. By the mid-1980s, biogas machines and biogas generators had formed a series of products. Nowadays, biogas generator sets with capacities ranging from 8 kW to 5000 kW have been identified and put into operation. The main products include single fuel generator sets that use all biogas and some dual fuel biogas diesel generator sets that use biogas.

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