發電機是將其他形式的能源轉換成電能的機械設備，它由水輪機、汽輪機、柴油機或其他動力機械驅動，將水流，氣流，燃料燃燒或原子核裂變產生的能量轉化為機械能傳給發電機，再由發電機轉換為電能。

The generator is a mechanical equipment that converts other forms of energy into electrical energy. It is driven by a water turbine, steam turbine, diesel engine or other power machinery, and converts the energy generated by water flow, air flow, fuel combustion or atomic Nuclear fission into mechanical energy and then transfers it to the generator, which converts it into electrical energy.

發電機的工作原理：

The working principle of the generator:

本文講解的是運用更廣泛的輕柴油發動機。

This article explains the most widely used light diesel engine.

柴油發電機組中的柴油機是動力的輸出部分，以柴油為燃料，靠氣缸中被壓縮后形成的高溫高壓空氣使噴入的霧狀柴油燃燒膨脹而做功，把熱能轉變為機械能。

The diesel engine in the diesel generator set is the output part of power. It uses diesel as fuel, and works by burning and expanding the atomized diesel fuel injected by the high-temperature and high-pressure air compressed in the cylinder to convert heat energy into mechanical energy.

它通過進氣、壓縮、做功、排氣四個過程完成一個工作循環，又稱為四沖程發動機。

It completes a working cycle through four processes: intake, compression, power generation, and exhaust, also known as a four stroke engine.

為了降低零件溫度，機體內布滿水道，由水泵推動水冷卻機組，稱為水冷式機組.

In order to reduce the temperature of the parts, the body is filled with water channels, and the water cooling unit is driven by a water pump, which is called a water-cooled unit

小功率發動機也有采用空氣對發動機進行冷卻，稱為風冷機組（例如：DEUTZ1011/912兩個系列、常見的摩托車發動機）。

Small power engines also use air to cool the engine, known as air-cooled units (such as two series of DEUTZ1011/912, commonly used motorcycle engines).

目前我國熱力發電廠的發電機皆采用二極、轉速為3000r/m的臥式結構,發電機更基本的組成部件是定子和轉子。

At present, the generators in thermal power plants in China adopt a horizontal structure with two poles and a speed of 3000r/m. The most basic components of the generator are the stator and rotor.

1-發電機主體；2-主勵磁機；3-永磁副勵磁機；4-氣體冷卻器；5-勵磁機軸承；6-碳刷架隔音罩；7-電機端蓋；8-連接汽輪機背靠輪；9-電機接線盒；10-電路互感器；11-引出線；12測溫引線盒；13-基座

1- Generator body; 2- Main exciter; 3- Permanent magnet auxiliary exciter; 4- Gas cooler; 5- Exciter bearing; 6-Carbon brush holder soundproof cover; 7- Motor end cover; 8- Connect the turbine back wheel; 9- Motor junction box; 10- Circuit transformer; 11- Outgoing line; 12 temperature measurement lead box; 13- Base

柴油發電機組由柴油發動機、交流發電機、控制系統及各種輔助部件組成，是將機械能轉化為電能，通過電纜將電能提供給用戶的設備。

Diesel generator set is composed of diesel engine, alternator, control system and various auxiliary components. It is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy and provides electrical energy to users through cables.

通常做為備用或主用電源，具有機動靈活、使用方便、隨時供電、維護簡單的特點。

Usually used as a backup or main power source, it has the characteristics of flexibility, convenient use, power supply at any time, and simple maintenance.

按使用柴油的不同可以分為：輕柴機組、重油機組；

According to the different types of diesel used, it can be divided into: light diesel units and heavy oil units;

按轉速的不同可分為：高速機組、中速機組、慢速機組；

According to different speeds, it can be divided into: high-speed units, medium speed units, and slow speed units;

按用途不同可分為：陸用機組、船用機組；

According to different purposes, it can be divided into land use units and marine use units;

按使用發電時間不同可分為：備用機組、長行機組；

According to the different usage time of power generation, it can be divided into standby units and long-distance units;

按照使用特點分：拖車式機組、靜音型機組、防雨型機組、常規機組。

According to their usage characteristics, they are divided into trailer type units, silent type units, rainproof type units, and conventional units.